ADI-R Summary

**ADI-R summary** **INITIAL CONCERNS** - Parent reports concerns about social interaction and communication difficulties, noted since the child was approximately 18 months old. [Child's age] was not responding to their name, and was not making eye contact. **DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES** - First words were spoken at 12 months, but language development plateaued around 18 months. - Toilet training was attempted at age 3, but the child showed no interest and continues to wear nappies. **LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION** - Comprehension of language is limited; the child struggles to follow multi-step instructions. - The child uses the parent's hand to point at objects. - Speech is infrequent, often limited to single words or short phrases. Echolalia is present. - Non-verbal communication is limited; the child rarely points or makes eye contact. - Pronunciation is often unclear, with some words being difficult to understand. - The child does not engage in small talk. - Reciprocal conversations are rare. - The child asks socially inappropriate questions, such as asking strangers personal questions. - The child struggles to understand and express emotions. **PLAY AND SOCIAL SKILLS** - The child does not imitate actions or behaviours. - Play is often solitary and repetitive, with a focus on specific objects. - The child shows little imagination or creativity. - The child does not share toys or belongings. - The child does not attempt to seek enjoyment with others. - The child does not offer comfort to others. - The child does not respond appropriately in social situations. - The child does not engage in social games. - The child shows little interest in other children. - The child has no friendships. **STEREOTYPED BEHAVIOURS AND RESTRICTED INTERESTS** - The child has a strong interest in trains, often lining them up and spending hours playing with them. - The child engages in repetitive play behaviour, such as spinning wheels on toy cars. - The child has sensory sensitivities, particularly to loud noises. - The child becomes distressed by changes in routine. - The child is very attached to a specific blanket. - The child engages in hand-flapping. **AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOURS** - The child has displayed aggressive behaviours towards the parent when frustrated. **ADDITIONAL INFORMATION** - The parent reports that the child has difficulty with transitions and becomes easily upset. **OVERALL INTERPRETATION** - The interview findings suggest significant difficulties in social interaction and communication, as well as the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviours. These observations are consistent with the diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder, as outlined in the DSM-5. The child exhibits limited reciprocal social interaction, impaired communication skills, and a range of repetitive behaviours and restricted interests. Further assessment is recommended to confirm the diagnosis and develop an appropriate intervention plan.