What is Medical Transcription? Guide for Clinicians

September 11, 2025•15 min read

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What is Medical Transcription?

Medical transcription is the process of converting voice recordings or notes taken during patient consultations into highly structured documentation. Generally, these documents make up the main components of electronic health records (EHRs).

Incomplete or inaccurate transcriptions put both patients and clinicians at risk. For patients, errors can lead to misdiagnosis, inappropriate treatment, and avoidable complications. For clinicians, gaps in documentation mean extra time spent correcting records, ensuring compliance, and safeguarding patient safety, which adds to an already heavy administrative burden.

In this article, we’ll discuss the evolution of the medical transcription process, the different types of medical transcription reports, and how AI technology can help make medical transcriptions easier for healthcare professionals.

Graphic showing five examples of medical transcription: initial assessment and admission, ongoing in-care, procedure and surgical, discharge and transfer, and specialized or ancillary transcriptions.

Why the Medical Transcription Process is Important

Medical transcription plays a crucial role in modern healthcare by converting clinical dialogue into compliant documentation. It may be time-consuming for clinicians, but it is essential to maintain continuity of care. When accurate documentation is created from dictation or conversations, it becomes easier for multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) to stay aligned on a patient's condition, medical history, and treatment plan.

For example, when a primary care physician refers a patient to a specialist or coordinates ongoing outpatient therapy, having consistent records helps make sure that nothing is missed. This enhances collaboration across disciplines, improves patient safety, and reduces the risk of duplication or conflicts.

While electronic health records (EHRs) make it easier to store and share information, the quality of what goes into those systems depends on the accuracy of the medical transcription itself. Without a good transcription process, even the most advanced tools cannot support effective communication or clinical decision-making.

Evolution of Medical Transcription in the Healthcare Industry

Medical transcription has evolved to adapt to the changing demands of the healthcare industry. From handwritten notes to automated software, the process has progressed through several key phases. Below is a closer look at each stage in the evolution of medical transcription:

Traditional Medical Transcription

In its earliest form, the medical transcription process involved physicians dictating their observations after a patient encounter or team deliberation, often using a tape recorder. Transcriptionists would then listen to the recordings and manually type them into formal medical reports.

The transcribed medical report is then reviewed by the physician for any corrections, after which it will be approved and signed before it becomes part of a patient’s records. Undoubtedly, this tedious process creates workflow bottlenecks and accuracy concerns, which paved the way for the introduction of speech-to-text recognition in medical transcription.

Speech-to-text Medical Transcription

Speech-to-text medical transcription marked a major step forward from traditional methods. Instead of relying on manual transcriptionists, this technology allowed spoken words to be converted directly into written text. Clinicians could dictate their notes, and the software would automatically generate a draft, significantly reducing the time spent on documentation.

It also integrated more easily with EHR systems, helping streamline recordkeeping. However, early versions were limited in their ability to handle background noise, varied accents, and specialty-specific terminology. These issues often resulted in transcription errors that required physicians to spend extra time reviewing and correcting the output.

Voice Recognition in Medical Transcription

Voice recognition added a new dimension to the transcription process by focusing on identifying who was speaking, rather than just transcribing what was said. While speech-to-text tools converted spoken language into written text, voice recognition technology differentiated between speakers.

This capability became especially useful in shared clinical environments, such as hospitals or group practices, where multiple providers often contributed to the same documentation system. Although the innovation did not produce full transcripts on its own, it worked alongside speech-to-text software to enhance the precision of documentation workflows.

Digital Medical Transcription

As healthcare systems embraced digital transformation, digital medical transcription made medical records more accessible. Collaboration among medical professionals became easier through searchable and shareable EHRs.

However, digital medical transcription still operated at a basic level, capturing and recording words without understanding context. It was efficient in storage and retrieval, but lacked the depth needed to truly reduce administrative workload. This limitation drove the demand for a more intelligent solution.

Artificial Intelligence in Medical Transcription

AI medical transcription is the most recent leap in the evolution of medical transcriptions. Unlike previous tools, AI-powered medical transcription records words and turns them into organized notes or other documents, while adapting to clinicians’ voice preferences and integrating any context they provide.

Powered by artificial intelligence and machine learning, AI-powered medical transcription can filter background noise, recognize shifts in tone, and accurately understand complex medical terminology. By adjusting to your personalization settings, automatic medical transcriptions improve over time, delivering cleaner drafts with fewer edits required.

A study has shown that early adopters of this technology showed a strong positive correlation between using AI scribe and the number of patient visits. The highest adoption rates are in specializations that have the highest levels of documentation burden and burnout, specifically in mental health, primary care, and emergency medicine.

Dr. Sarah Bellefontaine, Psychologist and Clinical Director at Four Wings Psychology, attests to this, stating, "I feel like I'm more with my client. I'm not having to think about what I'm documenting and missing interventions."

Not only was Dr. Bellefontaine amazed by how Heidi can know which pieces of information are important, but also by how good it is at reading between the lines without exaggeration, "Heidi has a way of capturing what went on in the session even if it feels like nothing big happened."

Medical Transcription Examples: Different Types of Reports

From routine check-ups to complex surgical procedures, each type of medical encounter requires a specific kind of report. Below are common examples of medical transcription reports, each serving a distinct purpose in the healthcare documentation process:

Initial Assessment and Admission Transcriptions

This type of medical transcription includes key details such as personal demographics, relevant medical history, and the clinical context or symptoms that led to the visit or admission. It sets the foundation for ongoing diagnosis, treatment, and continuity of care. This often includes:

History and Physical (H&P) - A detailed medical record that contains the patient’s medical history and results of physical exams.
Initial Consultation Reports - A report that summarizes the physician’s initial impression and the treatment to address the concern.

Ongoing In-Care Transcriptions

Ongoing in-care transcriptions document the progress of patients who are admitted to a medical facility or receiving continuous treatment. These reports include regular updates from physicians, nurses, and other members of the care team to ensure all clinicians stay informed. A few examples are:

SOAP Notes - A patient’s record that is continually updated to track the progress and care treatments. It contains the four essential components–subjective, objective, assessment, and plan for easy reference.
Progress Notes - A structured document that details regular or periodic changes in the patient as they undergo continuous care.

Procedure and Surgical Transcription

This medical transcription type is a technical report that captures critical information about invasive procedures. It usually includes specifics such as the surgical approach, instruments used, findings, and immediate outcomes. Procedure and surgical transcriptions play a vital role in guiding post-operative care. Examples of this include:

Operative Notes - Are records of the detailed step-by-step account of a surgical procedure.
Pathology Reports - Contains the patient’s laboratory results and their interpretations to confirm or refine the treatments being administered.

Discharge and Transfer Transcriptions

Discharge and transfer transcriptions serve as final documentation when a patient leaves a healthcare facility or is transferred to another provider. These reports summarize the entire course of care, including treatments, diagnoses, procedures, and clinical findings from admission through discharge. They ensure that the next care team has a clear understanding of the patient’s history and ongoing needs. These typically involve:

Discharge Summaries- A comprehensive report that outlines everything that was done in the hospital, including discharge instructions and a follow-up plan for aftercare.
Medication Reconciliation Reports - A reference list of all medications that the patient should be taking after being discharged or transferred.

Specialized and Ancillary Transcriptions

These types of transcriptions are generated from niche areas of medicine or for highly specific purposes. Specialized and ancillary reports may encompass fields such as psychiatry, forensic medicine, or radiology. The content and structure of these reports vary depending on the specialty. They also support accurate diagnoses, legal documentation, or focused clinical assessments. Common examples are:

Psychiatric Evaluations- A detailed mental health assessment that will serve as a baseline for how to approach psychiatric therapy and treatment plan.
Autopsy Reports - A report that contains a post-mortem examination that looks at the cause and manner of death.

Medical transcriptions often involve complex forms that must be filled out correctly and efficiently. Heidi offers intelligent form-filling capabilities that auto-complete structured PDFs based on session details. See how it works in the video below:

From medical transcription to workflow customization, Heidi is built to support the entire care journey: before, during, and after each patient interaction. If you're ready to reduce admin burden and cognitive load without compromising quality and control, it’s time to explore what Heidi can do.

Get Automatic Medical Transcriptions and More with Heidi

Heidi accurately automates medical transcriptions so you can stay focused on care. Whether you're running a quick consultation or documenting a more in-depth follow-up, Heidi captures real-time conversations and generates notes that keep pace with your workflow. Here’s how:

Transcribe: With your patient’s permission, simply open Heidi on your computer or mobile device and hit Start transcribing. Heidi listens in the background as you speak naturally, capturing clinical dialogue. If there’s anything you prefer not to say aloud, you can easily add it under the Context tab.
Customize – Once the session ends, choose from customizable templates tailored to your documentation needs. Heidi automatically formats the transcribed content, giving you a clean draft that aligns with your personal style and clinical requirements.
Transform – After generating notes, Heidi auto-detects medical codes which you can review and approve, as well as assignable tasks. You can also prompt Heidi to create supporting content, such as follow-up instructions, making your documentation more complete without extra effort.

Experience the future of medical transcription today. Heidi is globally compliant with best-in-class infrastructure. And yes, we mean ISO 27001, SOC 2 Type II, NHS Digital, HIPAA, GDPR, PIPEDA, Australian Privacy Principles, and more.

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FAQs About Medical Transcription

What is the difference between general transcription and medical transcription?

The main difference between general transcription and medical transcription lies in the complexity and context of the content. General transcription converts audio into text for interviews, meetings, or podcasts and usually requires basic language skills. Meanwhile, medical transcription accurately documents clinical conversations, requiring knowledge of healthcare practices, patient care workflows, and compliance standards like HIPAA.

Is learning medical transcribing difficult?

Learning medical transcribing can be challenging when you do it manually or when you lack the right automation tools. It demands deep knowledge of medical terminology and strong attention to detail, among other factors. With automatic medical transcriptions, clinicians can streamline documentation, reduce errors, and focus more on delivering quality care.

What is an example of a medical transcription?

Here is an example of a medical transcription in the form of a consultation note: "The patient is a 58-year-old male presenting with chest discomfort for the past two days. No history of trauma. EKG shows a normal sinus rhythm. The plan is to order a cardiac stress test and initiate low-dose aspirin therapy. Follow-up scheduled in one week." This brief transcription captures the clinician’s spoken observations and treatment plan which can be added to the patient’s EMR.

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