Cardiac Nurse Heart Failure Template:
Reason for Visit:
Patient, a 72-year-old female, presents with progressively worsening shortness of breath and lower extremity swelling over the past two weeks. Symptoms began insidiously and have significantly impacted her ability to perform daily activities.
History of Presenting Illness:
Two weeks ago, Mrs. Smith noted increased fatigue and mild swelling in her ankles. Over the past week, her shortness of breath has intensified, particularly with exertion (walking short distances, climbing one flight of stairs) and at night, requiring her to sleep on three pillows (orthopnoea). She also reports occasional paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, waking her from sleep gasping for air. The oedema has progressed to her knees and is non-pitting. She denies any recent chest pain, palpitations, or syncope. Her appetite has decreased, and she feels generally weaker.
**Symptoms reviewed:**
- Shortness of Breath (SOB): Significant dyspnoea on exertion (NYHA Class III), orthopnoea (3 pillows), and occasional PND. Exertional limitations prevent her from walking more than 50 metres without significant breathlessness.
- Oedema: Non-pitting oedema extending to both knees, worse at the end of the day.
- Fatigue: Profound fatigue impacting all daily activities, requiring frequent rest breaks.
- Dizziness: Occasional mild lightheadedness upon standing, but denies any syncope or blackouts.
- Chest Pain/Discomfort: Denies current chest pain or discomfort.
- Palpitations: Denies palpitations or heart rhythm irregularities.
- Weight Changes: Reports a 3 kg weight gain over the last two weeks, consistent with fluid retention.
- Other: Decreased appetite and general malaise.
Past Medical History:
Congestive Heart Failure (diagnosed 5 years ago), Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Kidney Disease (Stage 3), Atrial Fibrillation (managed with anticoagulation).
**Cardiac History:**
- Heart Failure Aetiology: Ischaemic cardiomyopathy secondary to previous myocardial infarctions.
- Ejection Fraction: 30% (documented on 1 May 2024 via echocardiogram).
- Hospitalisations for Heart Failure: Admitted twice in the last year for acute decompensated heart failure (latest admission 1 March 2024, due to medication non-adherence and dietary indiscretion).
- Interventions: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) to LAD 7 years ago (successful stent placement). No valve surgery or device implantation.
Medications:
Bisoprolol 5mg OD, Ramipril 5mg OD, Furosemide 40mg OD, Spironolactone 25mg OD, Metformin 500mg BD, Warfarin 3mg OD, Atorvastatin 20mg OD.
**Medication Reconciliation:**
- Bisoprolol 5mg PO daily, for heart rate control and heart failure management.
- Ramipril 5mg PO daily, for blood pressure control and heart failure management.
- Furosemide 40mg PO daily, for fluid management.
- Spironolactone 25mg PO daily, for heart failure management and potassium sparing.
- Metformin 500mg PO twice daily, for type 2 diabetes.
- Warfarin 3mg PO daily, for atrial fibrillation and stroke prevention (INR last checked at 2.5).
- Atorvastatin 20mg PO daily, for hyperlipidaemia.
- New Medications: None.
- Discontinued Medications: None.
**Allergies:**
Penicillin (rash).
Social History:
Lives alone in a second-floor flat. Has an informal support system from her daughter who visits weekly. Former smoker (quit 10 years ago). Occasional social alcohol use (1-2 units per week). Denies illicit drug use. Reports a high-sodium diet, often consuming processed foods. Limited physical activity due to symptoms.
Family History:
Father had a myocardial infarction at age 65. Mother had hypertension. No known genetic conditions.
Review of Systems:
Constitutional: General fatigue, decreased energy.
Cardiovascular: Worsening dyspnoea, orthopnoea, PND, peripheral oedema (as above).
Respiratory: No cough, no wheezing.
Gastrointestinal: Decreased appetite, no nausea/vomiting, normal bowel habits.
Genitourinary: No dysuria, frequency, or urgency.
Musculoskeletal: No joint pain or swelling beyond oedema.
Neurological: Occasional lightheadedness, no numbness, tingling, or weakness.
Psychological: Reports feeling slightly anxious due to breathlessness, but no formal diagnosis of anxiety or depression.
Physical Examination:
**Vital Signs:** BP 108/68 mmHg, HR 88 bpm (irregularly irregular), RR 20 bpm, Temp 36.8°C, Weight 78 kg, O2 Sat 92% on room air.
**General Appearance:** Appears fatigued and in mild respiratory distress. No obvious cachexia. Mild anasarca noted, particularly in the lower extremities.
**Cardiovascular:** S1 and S2 present. S3 gallop audible at the apex. No murmurs or rubs. Jugular venous distension (JVD) to 8 cm at 45 degrees. Weak peripheral pulses bilaterally (dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial). Positive hepatojugular reflux.
**Pulmonary:** Bilateral fine crackles heard halfway up the lung fields. No wheezes or rhonchi. Dullness to percussion at lung bases, consistent with pleural effusions.
**Abdominal:** Soft, non-tender. Mild hepatomegaly noted, liver edge palpable 3 cm below the costal margin. No ascites or splenomegaly.
**Extremities:** 2+ non-pitting oedema extending to both knees. Skin warm, no signs of cellulitis or poor perfusion.
Investigations/Labs:
NT-Pro BNP: 4500 pg/mL (elevated).
Electrolytes: Na 134 mmol/L, K 4.2 mmol/L. Renal function: Creatinine 130 umol/L, eGFR 38 mL/min/1.73m^2. Liver function tests within normal limits. Thyroid function tests within normal limits. Complete blood count: mild anaemia (Hb 11.0 g/dL). ECG: Atrial fibrillation with controlled ventricular response. Echocardiogram (1 May 2024): LVEF 30%, mild mitral regurgitation, moderate tricuspid regurgitation.
Assessment:
72-year-old female with chronic heart failure (ischaemic cardiomyopathy, LVEF 30%) presenting with acute decompensation, likely due to fluid overload and possibly dietary non-adherence. NYHA Functional Class III currently. Comorbidities include hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes, CKD Stage 3, and Atrial Fibrillation.
Plan:
Patient educated on current clinical status and treatment plan. Goals of care discussed, including symptom management and preventing re-hospitalisation.
**Medication Management:**
- Increase Furosemide to 80mg OD for diuresis to manage fluid overload.
- Review Ramipril and Bisoprolol for potential up-titration once euvolaemic and stable, aiming for target doses as per guidelines, with caution due to CKD.
**Fluid and Diet Management:**
- Reinforce strict fluid restriction of 1.5 litres per day.
- Advise on severe sodium restriction (<2g/day) and avoiding processed foods.
- Encourage daily weight monitoring and reporting any significant changes (>2kg over 2 days).
**Activity and Exercise:**
- Encourage light activity as tolerated; avoid strenuous exertion until symptoms improve.
- Discuss referral to a cardiac rehabilitation programme once stable.
**Monitoring:**
- Daily weights at home.
- Monitor for worsening SOB, oedema, or dizziness.
- Repeat electrolytes and renal function in 3 days post-Furosemide adjustment.
**Patient Education:**
- Discussed importance of medication adherence and fluid/sodium restrictions.
- Reviewed warning signs of worsening heart failure (increased SOB, weight gain, swelling) and when to seek medical attention.
- Provided written information on heart failure self-management.
**Referrals:**
- Refer to Dietitian for comprehensive dietary advice.
- Consider referral to Heart Failure Specialist Nurse for ongoing support and education.
**Follow-up:**
- Follow-up with cardiac nurse in 1 November 2024 for medication review and symptom assessment.
- Scheduled follow-up with Dr. Thomas Kelly (Cardiologist) in 3 weeks.
Cardiac Nurse Heart Failure Template:
Reason for Visit:
[Detailed description of the patient's primary complaints or reasons for seeking care, including the duration and onset of symptoms] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
History of Presenting Illness:
[Chronological account of the patient's current heart failure symptoms, including symptom characteristics, aggravating and alleviating factors, associated symptoms, and impact on daily activities] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Symptoms reviewed:**
- Shortness of Breath (SOB): [Description of dyspnoea, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, and exertional limitations] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
- Oedema: [Location, pitting versus non-pitting, and severity of swelling] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
- Fatigue: [Description of energy levels and impact on activities] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
- Dizziness: [Description of dizziness symptoms, when it occurs, and if patient has blacked out] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
- Chest Pain/Discomfort: [Character, location, radiation, and duration of chest symptoms] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
- Palpitations: [Description of heart rhythm irregularities, frequency, and associated symptoms] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
- Weight Changes: [Recent weight gain or loss, and associated fluid retention] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
- Other: [Any other relevant symptoms reported by the patient] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
Past Medical History:
[Comprehensive list of all active and inactive medical conditions, including cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, arrhythmias, diabetes, renal disease, and respiratory conditions] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Cardiac History:**
- Heart Failure Aetiology: [Underlying cause of heart failure such as ischaemic, non-ischaemic, valvular] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
- Ejection Fraction: [Most recent documented ejection fraction and date of measurement] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
- Hospitalisations for Heart Failure: [Dates and reasons for previous heart failure-related hospital admissions] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
- Interventions: [Details of any past cardiac procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft, valve surgery, or device implantation, including dates and outcomes] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
Medications:
[Current prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, herbal supplements, and vitamins, including dosage, frequency, and adherence] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Medication Reconciliation:**
- [List of all current medications, specifying drug name, dose, route, frequency, and indication] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
- New Medications: [Any medications recently started or adjusted] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
- Discontinued Medications: [Any medications recently stopped and the reason] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Allergies:**
[Any known drug allergies and description of reaction] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
Social History:
[Patient's living situation, support system, smoking status, alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, dietary habits, and physical activity level] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
Family History:
[Relevant family medical history, particularly cardiovascular diseases, sudden cardiac death, and genetic conditions] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
Review of Systems:
[Systematic enquiry about symptoms related to various body systems not covered in history of presenting illness, including constitutional, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, neurological, and psychological] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
Physical Examination:
[Objective findings from the physical examination, including vital signs, general appearance, cardiovascular, pulmonary, abdominal, and extremity findings] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Vital Signs:**
[Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, weight, and oxygen saturation] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**General Appearance:**
[Overall impression of the patient, including distress, cachexia, or anasarca] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Cardiovascular:**
[Heart sounds including S1, S2, S3, S4, murmurs, rubs, peripheral pulses, jugular venous distension, and presence of hepatojugular reflux] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Pulmonary:**
[Respiratory effort, lung sounds including rales, rhonchi, wheezes, and presence of pleural effusions] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Abdominal:**
[Presence of ascites, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Extremities:**
[Presence and degree of peripheral oedema, skin changes, and signs of poor perfusion] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
Investigations/Labs:
[Results of recent relevant laboratory tests such as NT-Pro BNP, electrolytes, renal function, liver function, thyroid function, complete blood count, electrocardiogram findings, echocardiogram results, and other imaging studies] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
Assessment:
[Summary of the patient's current clinical status, problem list, and working diagnosis related to heart failure and comorbidities, including NYHA functional class if applicable] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Do not invent or infer a diagnosis.)
Plan:
[Detailed outline of the management strategy, including medication adjustments, lifestyle modifications, follow-up schedule, patient education, referrals to other specialists, and goals of care] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Medication Management:**
[Specific changes to heart failure medications, including titration, initiation, or discontinuation, with rationale] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Fluid and Diet Management:**
[Recommendations for fluid restriction, sodium restriction, and dietary modifications] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Activity and Exercise:**
[Guidance on appropriate physical activity levels and cardiac rehabilitation if indicated] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Monitoring:**
[Parameters to monitor at home such as daily weights and symptoms, and schedule for follow-up laboratory tests] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Patient Education:**
[Topics discussed with the patient, including symptom recognition, medication adherence, warning signs, and self-management strategies] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Referrals:**
[Any planned referrals to cardiology, palliative care, or other relevant services] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
**Follow-up:**
[Next scheduled appointment with the cardiac nurse or other providers] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)