Spinal Elective OP - First Visit - Spine Surgeon
The patient presents with a primary complaint of progressive balance problems over the last six months, characterised by frequent stumbles and a sensation of unsteadiness, particularly when turning. Lumbar claudication is reported in both calves, typically after walking approximately 100 metres, relieving with rest. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) reveals severe spinal stenosis at L4/L5 and moderate stenosis at L3/L4. There is no prior history of spinal decompression surgery.
Mr. Arthur Pendelton is a 68-year-old retired construction worker. His past medical history includes a laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 2010 and well-controlled hypertension. He has no known allergies.
Current medications include Amlodipine 5mg once daily for hypertension and Atorvastatin 20mg once daily for hypercholesterolemia. He is not currently taking any blood-thinning medications. His recovery from the cholecystectomy was uncomplicated.
Mr. Pendelton demonstrates a clear understanding of the proposed treatment plan, which involves surgical decompression to alleviate the spinal stenosis. He explicitly consents to proceed with the operation, understanding the potential risks and benefits discussed.
Physical examination reveals a positive dynamic Romberg's test, indicating significant balance impairment. Static Romberg's is also mildly positive. He reports bilateral buttock pain that radiates down the posterior aspects of his thighs into the calves, consistent with neurogenic claudication. There are no trochanteric or groin elements to the pain. Straight leg raise (SLR) test is positive at 45 degrees on the right and 55 degrees on the left, indicative of nerve root tension signs.
Neurological examination of the upper limbs reveals symmetrical reflexes (biceps, triceps, brachioradialis 2+). No clumsiness or Hoffmann's sign is present. Lower limb examination shows no dilated veins. Sensation is decreased to light touch in the L5 and S1 dermatomes bilaterally. Peripheral pulses (femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial) are 2+ and symmetrical. Muscle power testing demonstrates hip flexors (L2/3) 4/5 bilaterally, knee extensors (L3/4) 4/5 bilaterally, ankle dorsiflexors (L4/5) 3/5 bilaterally, and plantar flexors (S1/2) 4/5 bilaterally. Long tract signs are absent, and Babinski reflex is negative bilaterally.
Reviewed scans confirm severe central canal stenosis at L4/L5, with effacement of the thecal sac and compression of the exiting nerve roots. There is also moderate stenosis at L3/L4. No evidence of previously decompressed areas.
Given the patient's progressive balance issues and the presence of moderate stenosis at L3/L4 in addition to the severe L4/L5 stenosis, a whole spine MR has been urgently requested to rule out any cord compression or tandem stenosis at other spinal levels. The scan has been ordered and is scheduled for next week.
Mr. Pendelton will be reviewed within two weeks, following the completion of the whole spine MR. The intended procedure to be consented for, pending the updated scan results and confirmation of L4/5 as the primary symptomatic level, is a right-sided L4/5 decompression.
[describe the patient's presenting issues, including the nature of their balance problems, the characteristics of their lumbar claudication, the spinal levels affected by stenosis, and any previous surgical history related to spinal decompression] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, context or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in paragraphs of full sentences.)
[document the patient's personal details, including their age, occupation, and previous medical history, such as prior surgeries and any pre-existing conditions that have been assessed and optimized] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, context or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in paragraphs of full sentences.)
[detail any current medications, including antihypertensives, hypercholesterol tablets, and any blood-thinning medications, as well as the patient's recovery status from previous surgeries] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, context or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in paragraphs of full sentences.)
[describe the patient's understanding of the proposed treatment plan and their consent to proceed with any operations] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, context or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in paragraphs of full sentences.)
[document findings from the physical examination, including assessment of balance (static and dynamic Romberg's), location and nature of pain (e.g., buttock pain, absence of trochanteric or groin elements), and the presence of nerve root tension signs] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, context or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in paragraphs of full sentences.)
[detail neurological examination findings, including upper limb reflexes, clumsiness, Hoffmann's sign, lower limb characteristics (e.g., dilated veins, sensations, numbness, tingling), pulses, and muscle power for hip flexors, knee extensors, ankle/foot dorsiflexors, and plantar flexors. Also, note any long tract signs and Babinski reflex findings] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, context or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in paragraphs of full sentences.)
[summarize the findings from reviewed scans, specifically mentioning the severity of stenosis at relevant spinal levels and the status of any previously decompressed areas] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, context or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in paragraphs of full sentences.)
[outline the rationale for requesting further urgent imaging, such as a whole spine MR, and the specific concerns it aims to investigate, like cord compression or tandem stenosis. Also, state if the scan has been ordered] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, context or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in paragraphs of full sentences.)
[detail the immediate plan for patient review, including the timeline for the review and the intended procedure to be consented for, such as a right-sided L4/5 decompression, based on updated scan results] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, context or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in paragraphs of full sentences.)
(Never come up with your own patient details, assessment, plan, interventions, evaluation, and plan for continuing care - use only the transcript, contextual notes or clinical note as a reference for the information included in your note. If any information related to a placeholder has not been explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes or clinical note, you must not state the information has not been explicitly mentioned in your output, just leave the relevant placeholder or omit the placeholder completely.) (Use as many lines, paragraphs or bullet points, depending on the format, as needed to capture all the relevant information from the transcript.)