SBAR Urgent Paediatric Referral Template
Referral Details
Young Person Name: Amelia Smith
DOB: 15/03/2010
NHS Number: 123 456 7890
Referred by: Dr. Sarah Jenkins
Referrer's Department within CAMHS: Eating Disorders Team
Referrer's contact number: "0300 123 6632 (Portsmouth) 0300 123 6617 (Southampton)"
Date and Time of referral: 01/11/2024 14:30
Current risk assessment: Amelia presents with significant weight loss, bradycardia, and postural hypotension, indicating a high medical risk due to restrictive eating behaviours. She also reports passive suicidal ideation.
ACTION FOR PAEDIATRICS:
* Urgent medical assessment for refeeding syndrome risk and cardiac stability.
* Daily vital sign monitoring and electrolyte checks.
* Consider nasogastric feeding if oral intake remains insufficient.
ACTION FOR GP:
* Monitor physical health and liaise with paediatrics and CAMHS.
* Arrange blood tests for full blood count, U&Es, LFTs, magnesium, phosphate.
ACTION FOR CAMHS:
* Expedite specialist eating disorder assessment and treatment plan.
* Provide daily psychological support and meal support interventions.
ACTION FOR PARENTS / CARERS:
* Closely supervise all meals and snacks.
* Encourage fluid intake.
* Monitor for any compensatory behaviours.
ACTION FOR PATIENT:
* Engage with meal support.
* Communicate any physical symptoms or distress.
SBAR: This 14-year-old female presents with severe restrictive eating behaviours and rapid weight loss, indicating significant MEED red flags for cardiovascular instability and electrolyte imbalance.
Situation
Amelia, a 14-year-old female, is presenting with a significant deterioration in her physical health due to highly restrictive eating behaviours over the past three months. Her parents report that she has become increasingly withdrawn, anxious around food, and has lost a noticeable amount of weight. She denies feeling hungry and expresses significant body dissatisfaction. Concerns are heightened by recent reports of dizziness and fatigue.
Physical observations and weight loss: Amelia has lost 10 kg in the last three months. Her current weight is 35 kg. She exhibits bradycardia (HR 45 bpm sitting) and postural hypotension (BP drop of 25/15 mmHg on standing). Her temperature is consistently low at 35.8°C.
Co-occurring physical symptoms or behaviours and their duration including chest pain, food/fluid refusal: Amelia reports occasional chest pain, particularly with exertion, for the past two weeks. She has been actively refusing most solid foods and fluids for the last week, often drinking only water. She reports feeling lightheaded when standing quickly.
Background
Working diagnosis: Anorexia Nervosa, severe type.
Treatment plan and duration in treatment: Amelia has been seen by CAMHS for general anxiety for 6 months, but specialist eating disorder treatment has not yet commenced due to waiting lists.
Any comorbid mental or physical health diagnosis:
* Generalised Anxiety Disorder
Rapidity of weight loss including whether acute or chronic, with MEED risk rating: Acute weight loss of 10 kg in 3 months, classified as Red MEED risk due to rapid and severe nature.
Premorbid weight with timeframe for weight changes: Amelia's stable premorbid weight was 45 kg up until 4 months ago.
Current food and fluid intake or stage of meal plan, including estimate of current daily calorie intake: Amelia is currently consuming less than 400 kcal/day, primarily clear fluids and small portions of fruit. No structured meal plan is in place.
Compensatory behaviours including laxatives, purging, excessive exercise:
* Excessive exercise (running 2 hours daily)
Risks including mental health, self-harming behaviours, suicide:
* Moderate risk of self-harm (scratching forearms with nail)
* Passive suicidal ideation (wishes she wouldn't wake up)
Neurodiversity, learning disability, or adjustments needed including gender preference, language difficulties, family dynamics:
* No known neurodiversity or learning disability.
* Family dynamics: High parental anxiety, some disagreement between parents regarding strictness of meal supervision.
Physical health conditions including asthma, allergies, IBS:
* No known physical health conditions.
Medication: None.
Assessment
Height: 158 cm
Weight: 35 kg
Median BMI%: 14.0% (Red)
Sitting BP: 90/60 mmHg
Pulse (sitting): 45 bpm
Standing BP: 65/45 mmHg
Pulse (standing): 70 bpm
Temperature: 35.8°C
Behavioural Risk Indicators
Any evidence of falsifying weight including water loading, hidden weights: Amelia admitted to drinking large amounts of water before weigh-ins in the past.
Micro-exercising or compulsive movement patterns: Observed pacing and fidgeting during the session.
Food disposal or hiding behaviours: Parents report finding food hidden in her room.
Legal and Safeguarding Considerations
Whether young person is Gillick competent or under parental consent: Amelia is not considered Gillick competent for medical decisions relating to her eating disorder due to impaired judgment caused by her illness. Parental consent is required.
Any safeguarding concerns raised during assessment: Concerns regarding the rapid deterioration of Amelia's physical health and her self-harming behaviours.
Whether Mental Capacity Act or Mental Health Act relevant to this case: Not currently applicable, but consideration if she continues to refuse treatment and her physical health further deteriorates.
Other
Additional context: Parents express significant distress and feel overwhelmed by Amelia's escalating symptoms. They are seeking intensive support and guidance.
Based on the above, this young person is currently at:
Overall MEED Risk Rating: Red
Immediate actions required:
* Urgent paediatrics referral for admission and stabilisation.
* Same-day bloods (FBC, U&Es, Mg, Phos, LFTs, Glucose).
* Inpatient consideration for refeeding and close medical monitoring.
Recommendations
"Please could this young person be seen in A&E for a physical health assessment using MEED."
Date and details of next review in clinic with CAMHS: Scheduled for 03/11/2024 at 10:00 for specialist eating disorder assessment.
MEED Risk Assessment
Weight and BMI
Weight for height percentage: <70% (Red) - Amelia's weight is significantly below the 5th percentile for her age and height.
Rate of weight loss: >1kg/week for 2 weeks (Red) - 10 kg loss over 3 months, equating to approximately 0.8 kg/week, but with acute acceleration in the last month.
Cardiovascular
Pulse when awake: <40 bpm (Red) - Current sitting pulse of 45 bpm, with previous recordings as low as 40 bpm. Repeat observation consistently low.
Postural pulse change: >30 bpm increase (Red) - Significant increase from 45 bpm sitting to 70 bpm standing (25 bpm increase), indicating orthostatic intolerance.
Blood pressure systolic/diastolic: <0.4th centile (Red) - Sitting BP 90/60 mmHg (below 5th centile). Postural drop >15 mmHg systolic or >10 mmHg diastolic (Amber).
Syncope episodes: Occasional (Amber) - Reports dizziness, no full syncope but presyncope episodes are frequent.
Hydration and Fluid Intake
Fluid intake: Severe restriction or 5–10% dehydration (Amber) - Significant restriction, estimated at 500ml/day. No overt signs of severe dehydration, but reduced turgor.
Temperature
Temperature: <36°C (Amber) - Consistent temperature of 35.8°C. Previous readings also low.
Nutrition and Intake
Daily calorie intake: <500 kcal/day for 2+ days (Red) - Estimated daily intake below 400 kcal for the past week.
Food refusal: Severe restriction (Amber) - Active refusal of most food groups, with only minimal intake of 'safe' foods.
Biochemical Abnormalities
Electrolytes, glucose, albumin, WCC, Hb: Significant abnormality including low phosphate, potassium, calcium, sodium, glucose, albumin, WCC, Hb <10 (Red) - Awaiting urgent blood results, but high suspicion given clinical picture.
SUSS Test Score
SUSS score: 0–1 (Red) - Score of 1, indicating high risk.
Exercise Behaviour
Exercise level: >2h/day (Red) - Engages in 2 hours of running daily, despite physical weakness.
Micro-exercising if present: Pacing and restless movements are frequent.
Purging Behaviour
Frequency and type of purging: Bingeing (Green) - No evidence of purging behaviours.
Falsifying weight including water loading, weights, food disposal or hiding: History of water loading before weigh-ins. Food hiding also reported.
Psychiatric Risk
Self-harm or suicidal ideation: Moderate–high risk (Red) - Passive suicidal ideation and minor self-harm present.
Other Clinical Concerns
ECG abnormalities: Long QT or other significant findings (Red) - ECG shows prolonged QTc (480ms), requiring immediate medical attention.
Physical struggles with carers over nutrition: Present (Red) - Parents report daily struggles and arguments over food intake.
Family/Carer Dynamics
Family anxiety: High.
Disagreements over treatment: Parents have differing views on the level of strictness required for meal supervision.
Need for psychoeducation and support: Significant need for psychoeducation on eating disorders and support for managing meal times.
Family/carer involvement and support plan: Parents fully involved, require detailed support plan for meal supervision and crisis management to be developed in the "Plan and Next Steps" section. Plan to include family therapy sessions.
(Do not include any information where the data is missing from a subsection and try to limit repetition.)
SBAR Urgent Paediatric Referral Template
Referral Details
Young Person Name: [Young person's full name] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
DOB: [Date of birth] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Use format DD/MM/YYYY.)
NHS Number: [NHS number] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
Referred by: [Referrer name] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
Referrer's Department within CAMHS: [Department name] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely.)
Referrer's contact number: "0300 123 6632 (Portsmouth) 0300 123 6617 (Southampton)"
Date and Time of referral: [Date and time of referral] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Use format DD/MM/YYYY and 24-hour time.)
[Current risk assessment] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief structured summary.)
ACTION FOR PAEDIATRICS: [Clear and direct actions for paediatrics team] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief bullet points.)
ACTION FOR GP: [Clear and direct actions for GP] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief bullet points.)
ACTION FOR CAMHS: [Clear and direct actions for CAMHS team] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief bullet points.)
ACTION FOR PARENTS / CARERS: [Clear and direct actions for parents or carers] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief bullet points.)
ACTION FOR PATIENT: [Clear and direct actions for patient] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief bullet points.)
SBAR[One sentence summary of problem with reference to MEED red flags areas] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as single sentence without full detail.)
Situation
[Summary of current presentation and concerns from today] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in brief paragraphs of full sentences.)
[Physical observations and weight loss] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in brief paragraphs of full sentences.)
[Co-occurring physical symptoms or behaviours and their duration including chest pain, food/fluid refusal] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in brief paragraphs of full sentences.)
Background
[Working diagnosis] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Do not invent or infer a diagnosis. Write as brief statement.)
[Treatment plan and duration in treatment] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief statement.)
[Any comorbid mental or physical health diagnosis] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Do not invent or infer a diagnosis. Write as brief list.)
[Rapidity of weight loss including whether acute or chronic, with MEED risk rating] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief statement.)
[Premorbid weight with timeframe for weight changes] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief statement.)
[Current food and fluid intake or stage of meal plan, including estimate of current daily calorie intake] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief statement.)
[Compensatory behaviours including laxatives, purging, excessive exercise] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief list.)
[Risks including mental health, self-harming behaviours, suicide] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief list.)
[Neurodiversity, learning disability, or adjustments needed including gender preference, language difficulties, family dynamics] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief list.)
[Physical health conditions including asthma, allergies, IBS] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief list.)
[Medication] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as brief list.)
Assessment (Include MEED flags for RED, AMBER or GREEN ratings by each parameter below.)
Height: [Height measurement] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
Weight: [Weight measurement] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
Median BMI%: [BMI percentage] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
Sitting BP: [Sitting blood pressure] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
Pulse (sitting): [Sitting pulse] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
Standing BP: [Standing blood pressure] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
Pulse (standing): [Standing pulse] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
Temperature: [Temperature] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
Behavioural Risk Indicators
[Any evidence of falsifying weight including water loading, hidden weights] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
[Micro-exercising or compulsive movement patterns] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
[Food disposal or hiding behaviours] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
Legal and Safeguarding Considerations
[Whether young person is Gillick competent or under parental consent] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
[Any safeguarding concerns raised during assessment] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
[Whether Mental Capacity Act or Mental Health Act relevant to this case] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
Other
[Any other highly relevant clinical information not otherwise covered including safeguarding concerns, trauma history relevant for medical professionals, additional context about patient or family members, legal/safeguarding considerations with prompts for capacity, consent, and escalation pathways, benefits/costs associated with admission] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, and not included anywhere else in this note or document, else leave blank.)
Based on the above, this young person is currently at:
Overall MEED Risk Rating: [Red / Amber / Green] (If any single RED criterion is present, overall rating is "Red". If several AMBER criteria are present, or clinical concern is high, consider overall rating "Red". If only GREEN findings and clinical concern low, rating is "Green". Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
Immediate actions required: [Immediate actions such as urgent paediatrics referral, same-day bloods, inpatient consideration] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. Write as brief list.)
Recommendations
"Please could this young person be seen in A&E for a physical health assessment using MEED."
[Date and details of next review in clinic with CAMHS] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
MEED Risk Assessment
(For each item below, apply the RAG rating based on the criteria. If the item is not mentioned, leave blank. Colour code the relevant data red, amber, or green. Write any context for a more detailed assessment next to each parameter, including repetitions of observation and previous history for that parameter.)
Weight and BMI
[Weight for height percentage] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If <70%, rate as Red. If 70–80%, rate as Amber. If 80–85%, rate as Green.)
[Rate of weight loss] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If >1kg/week for 2 weeks, rate as Red. If 500–999g/week, rate as Amber. If <500g/week, rate as Green.)
Cardiovascular
[Pulse when awake] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If <40 bpm, rate as Red. If 40–50 bpm, rate as Amber. If 50–60 bpm, rate as Green.)
[Postural pulse change] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If >30 bpm increase, rate as Red. If <30 bpm, rate as Amber. If no significant change, rate as Green.)
[Blood pressure systolic/diastolic] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If <0.4th centile, rate as Red. If postural drop >15 mmHg systolic or >10 mmHg diastolic, rate as Amber. If <2nd centile, rate as Green.)
[Syncope episodes] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If recurrent, rate as Red. If occasional, rate as Amber. If dizziness only, rate as Green.)
Hydration and Fluid Intake
[Fluid intake] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If refusal or >10% dehydration, rate as Red. If severe restriction or 5–10% dehydration, rate as Amber. If mild restriction or <5% dehydration, rate as Green.)
Temperature
[Temperature] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If <35.5°C, rate as Red. If <36°C, rate as Amber. If >36°C, rate as Green.)
Nutrition and Intake
[Daily calorie intake] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If <500 kcal/day for 2+ days, rate as Red. If <50% required intake, rate as Amber. If moderate restriction, rate as Green.)
[Food refusal] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If acute refusal, rate as Red. If severe restriction, rate as Amber. If moderate restriction, rate as Green.)
Biochemical Abnormalities
[Electrolytes, glucose, albumin, WCC, Hb] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If any significant abnormality including low phosphate, potassium, calcium, sodium, glucose, albumin, WCC, Hb <10, rate as Red. If comorbid diabetes risk, include instructions to escalate if insulin manipulation is suspected, insulin omission, risk of DKA, electrolyte shifts during refeeding.)
SUSS Test Score
[SUSS score] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If 0–1, rate as Red. If 2, rate as Amber. If 3, rate as Green.)
Exercise Behaviour
[Exercise level] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If >2h/day, rate as Red. If >1h/day, rate as Amber. If <1h/day, rate as Green.)
[Micro-exercising if present] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
Purging Behaviour
[Frequency and type of purging] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If daily purging, rate as Red. If vomiting/laxatives, rate as Amber. If bingeing, rate as Green.)
[Falsifying weight including water loading, weights, food disposal or hiding] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
Psychiatric Risk
[Self-harm or suicidal ideation] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If moderate–high risk, rate as Red. If occasional thoughts, rate as Amber. If none, rate as Green.)
Other Clinical Concerns
[ECG abnormalities] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If Long QT or other significant findings, rate as Red.)
[Physical struggles with carers over nutrition] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. If present, rate as Red. If occasional, rate as Amber. If none, rate as Green.)
Family/Carer Dynamics
[Family anxiety] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
[Disagreements over treatment] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
[Need for psychoeducation and support] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank.)
[Family/carer involvement and support plan] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else leave blank. Include in "Plan and Next Steps" section.)