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PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) is a validated 9-item clinical tool used to screen for, diagnose, and monitor the severity of depression, with scores ranging from 0 to 27.
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Before you score. A self-report screener, not a diagnostic instrument. Scores over the past 2 weeks; interpret alongside clinical interview.
Little interest or pleasure in doing things
Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless
Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much
Feeling tired or having little energy
Poor appetite or overeating
Feeling bad about yourself, or that you are a failure, or have let yourself or your family down
Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television
Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed — or the opposite: being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual
Thoughts that you would be better off dead, or of hurting yourself in some way
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Heidi Evidence draws on sources clinicians already trust, from Elsevier and DynaMed to MIMS Australia, and your organization can layer in its own regional pathways, policies, and formularies.
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Evidence draws on the patient visit and its context, so the specifics travel with the question instead of being left behind. When a calculation is involved, the logic sits alongside the result, so you can see how it was reached and confirm it yourself rather than trust a black box.
Making that connection between the patient and the GP, like a puzzle fitting together.
Deborah Hawthorne
Clinicians at Connect2Care
Medical knowledge only. Not for autonomous decision making. Check sources and use your clinical judgement.
A PHQ-9 score of 10 or higher marks the threshold for starting active treatment with pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, or both. Management follows a stepped-care model: 5-9 calls for watchful waiting and a repeat PHQ-9 at follow-up, 10-14 warrants pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy, 15-19 calls for active treatment with pharmacotherapy and/or psychotherapy, and 20-27 requires immediate pharmacotherapy with an expedited specialist referral.
Any response of 1 or higher on item 9, indicating passive or active suicidal ideation on any days in the past 2 weeks, requires a formal suicide risk assessment by a competent clinician before proceeding with routine management, regardless of the total PHQ-9 score.
Clinicians should reassess every 4-6 weeks. Remission is defined as a score of 4 or below. A reduction of fewer than 5 points and less than 25% from baseline at 6 weeks should prompt consideration of treatment switching or augmentation.
SSRIs and SNRIs remain first-line pharmacotherapy across major guidelines, and an antidepressant trial needs 6 to 8 weeks at a therapeutic dose before non-response can be concluded.
